Euripides The Phoenician Women
Euripides, The Phoenician Women (Φοίνισσαι). Digital edition based on: Euripidis Fabulae. Gilbert Murray, ed. Oxford. Clarendon Press (1902). Original SGML digital edition by The Perseus Project, G. Crane, ed. This derived edition, C. Blackwell, Furman University. 2026. Source texts and code for this page (and others) on GitHub. Licensed CC-BY-NC. urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg015:
Euripides (c. 480–406 BC) was an Athenian playwright and one of the three principal tragedians of classical Greece, alongside Aeschylus and Sophocles. Born in the deme of Phlya near Athens, he produced approximately 92 plays over a career spanning from his debut in 455 BC until his death, with 18 or 19 surviving intact today.
Euripides competed 22 times at the City Dionysia festival, securing only four first-place victories—three posthumously in 405 BC with productions including Bacchae and Iphigenia at Aulis—reflecting mixed contemporary reception despite his enduring influence.
In his final years, Euripides accepted patronage from King Archelaus of Macedon, composing works like Archelaus there before dying in 406 BC, after which his reputation surged, with Aristophanes and later audiences praising his rhetorical skill and emotional depth.
The Phoenician Women (Φοίνισσαι). First performed between 410 and 409 BCE, this play dramatizes the final stages of the conflict between Eteocles and Polyneices, the sons of Oedipus, over control of Thebes, incorporating elements of the myth of the Seven Against Thebes while centering on the perspectives of a chorus of Phoenician women detained at the city as pilgrims en route to Delphi. Euripides structures the narrative around key familial confrontations, including Jocasta's mediation attempt between her warring sons, the self-sacrifice of Creon's son Menoeceus to save Thebes, and the ensuing mutual fratricide, culminating in Oedipus's curse on his surviving kin and Antigone's resolve to accompany her blinded father into exile.